List of Sampling Types in Statistics

Of Mice and Men – How Does the Writer Show the Frustration and Tension of the Men’s Lives in This Section?

How does the author show the disappointment and pressure of the men's lives in this segment? (Page 57 †63) In this segment the men are continually in disappointment which makes a strained environment in view of the dread of turning out to be â€Å"sacked† by Curly’s elderly person, in spite of the fact that the main spot that empowers the men on the farm to rest while as yet taking a shot at the farm is by going to â€Å"Susy’s place†. The whorehouse is unequivocally relied upon by the men since it gives the men bliss; their connection with the massage parlor is shown by declaring what the house of ill-repute comprises of.George is dependant on the whorehouse since all he needs is where â€Å"A fellow can go in an’ become inebriated and get ever’thing outta his framework all at once,† now narrowing this statement down to simply, â€Å"and get ever’thing outta his framework all at once†, we are demonstrated that all G eorge needs is to be away from is the farm and setting off to the house of ill-repute permits him to just overlook every one of his issues for the span of one night.The actuality that George is frantically ready to get away from life on the farm shows a thought of dissatisfaction since George knows that he’s going to be on there for an extensive stretch of time, yet in a similar circumstance, he is in edginess to go home to turn into his own chief. The assurance becomes dissatisfaction because of the likelihood that George’s dream is turning out to be further and further away from his grasp.Although in this segment, the pressure is for the most part made by Curley; when Curley enters the farm most of the men change their conduct to an unbalanced trademark, in light of the fact that the primary spotlight is on Curley and his significant other, and the men realize that Curley’s spouse can raise a ruckus because of her coy internal nature. Curley enters the farm lo oking for his significant other which gets the men get disappointed in light of the fact that when Curley is available he generally demands stirring up some dust with somebody which prompts Curley attempting to develop the strain between the men. Curley bust into the room† shows the uneasiness that Curley has towards the men and his significant other being around wherever he additionally â€Å"looked threateningly about the room† in endeavor to cause a battle with one of the men. The men additionally guarantee â€Å"Curley’s simply ruining it† by attempting to undermine all the men he is influencing contempt inside the remainder of the farm laborers to conflict with him.

The Way To Write Good Sample of Essay on Money

The Way To Write Good Sample of Essay on MoneyThe problem with samples of essay written by students on the subject of money is that they are all very similar. They are all about the same type of event and they all contain the same type of feelings. This does not make for a productive, impactful composition. At this point in time, if you want to write samples of essay written by students on the subject of money, you need to think a little bit differently.The first thing you need to think about is what topics students might be interested in. If they are all writing about the same type of event, chances are they are reading the same type of books and magazines. In this case, try to see what subjects interest them. If you are a philosophy major, then maybe you should look at the subject of ethics. Or, if you have some sort of hobby, then maybe your passion is going to be photography.Another thing to keep in mind is how much information is really necessary for your students to be able to understand. It will be very easy for you to take this opportunity to show off your writing prowess, but you should do the opposite. Your samples of essay written by students on the subject of money should be easy enough for them to read through, understand, and apply to their life. Instead of giving them every single detail, just show them the basics, and let them build from there.People love opinions and writing opinions is one of the most fun things about being a writer. However, opinions, no matter how clear they are, are only facts when you can prove them to be facts. The best way to do this is by taking the opposite approach and simply writing based on your experience. This will make your samples of essay written by students on the subject of money really stand out.Okay, you have your opinions and you have the ability to demonstrate them, but what about the facts? What are the real facts about money? You might even be able to explain them better than any other professional coul d. The key is for you to research the topic and find out what is truly true.Now, the question becomes how you are going to put your findings in your essay. You might not know how to start talking about your opinion, so you might need some help. Start by looking at examples of essay written by students on the subject of money from other sources. You might be surprised at what you learn about the topic and how others have approached it.Research will get you where you need to go, but you also need to use your experiences to illustrate what really is true. From your opinions and experiences, you will see what works and what doesn't. Even if you have to create an entire essay based on just one or two examples of essay written by students on the subject of money, it is the best way to move forward. After all, the goal is to be able to successfully write about it.Writing opinion pieces is a great way to get your name out there. However, your success as a writer will not come from having pe rfect samples of essay written by students on the subject of money. Real, original content is what will get you noticed and remembered. Try to remember this next time you are forced to write an opinion piece.

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Christianity And The New World - 2275 Words

As once written by a famous reverend, Early American Puritans aimed to â€Å"†¦write the wonders of the Christian religion, flying from the deprivation of Europe, to the American Strand† (Manther 75). Although this idea of a Christian utopia in the New World was first imagined several hundred years ago, its impact is still present. Since the time that the Puritans first began their memorable legacy in the early seventeenth century, ideas towards Christianity in the United States have significantly changed due to the diversity in civilization, politics, and religion that have developed over a time period of almost 240 years. The harsh and often domineering laws of the Puritans led to its breakup several years later. However, this division led†¦show more content†¦The Puritans used this to beg the congregation to ask for forgiveness and turn away from their sins. They did this is an attempt to restore Puritanism and faith in God. Today, though not used in a m anner as harsh as the Puritans, messages from the Jeremiads are still preached in the State of the Union addresses and on the Fourth of July. For example, the ideas of being aware of enemies, rejecting corruption, and working together to achieve superiority above other nations are commonplace in these addresses today. However, the idea that is most present is Manifest Destiny. Established by the Puritans, Manifest Destiny is the concept that Americans have a divine responsibility to spread their beliefs and boundaries as far as they can. In the State of the Union address in 2011, President Obama stated that â€Å"we have to make America the best place on earth† and that the United States needs to continue â€Å"maintaining our leadership.† In addition, the President said that â€Å"may God bless the United States of America.† Similarly, the famous Puritan leader known as John Winthrop shared a similar message in his â€Å"The City upon a Hill† sermo n in 1630. Referring to the Puritans and people of the New World, he said that â€Å"†¦we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.† Though Winthrop would not live to see the larger impact of these words, his ideas and the beliefs of his people would

Organizations free essay sample

Organizations are working on valuing diverse people, ideas, backgrounds, and experiences. We have miles to go before valuing teams and teamwork will be the norm. You can, however, create a teamwork culture by doing Just a few things right. Admittedly, theyre the hard things, but with commitment and appreciation for the value, you can create an overall sense of teamwork in your organization. Create a Culture of Teamwork To make teamwork happen, these powerful actions must occur. Executive leaders communicate the clear expectation that teamwork and ollaboration are expected. No one completely owns a work area or process all by himself. People who own work processes and positions are open and receptive to ideas and input from others on the team. Executives model teamwork in their interaction with each other and the rest of the organization. They maintain teamwork even when things are going wrong and the temptation is to slip back into former team unfriendly behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The organization members talk about and identify the value of a teamwork culture. If alues are formally written and shared, teamwork is one of the key five or six. ЂTeamwork is rewarded and recognized. The lone ranger, even if she is an excellent producer, is valued less than the person who achieves results with others in teamwork. Compensation, bonuses, and rewards depend on collaborative practices as much as individual contribution and achievement. Important stories and folklore that people discuss within the company emphasize teamwork. (Remember the year the capsule team reduced scrap by 20 percent? ) People who do well and are promoted within the company are team players. ЂThe performance management system places emphasis and value on teamwork. Often 360 degree feedback is integrated within the system. Tips for Team Building Do you immediately picture your group off at a resort playing games or hanging from ropes when you think of team building? Traditionally, many organ izations approached team building this way. Then, they wondered why that wonderful sense of teamwork, experienced at the retreat or seminar, failed to impact long term beliefs nd actions back at work. Im not averse to retreats, planning sessions, seminars and team building activities in fact I lead them but they have to be part of a larger teamwork effort. You will not build teamwork by retreating as a group for a couple of days each year. Think of team building as something you do every single day. Form teams to solve real work issues and to improve real work processes. Provide training in systematic methods so the team expends its energy on the project, not on figuring out how to work together s a team to approach it. ЂHold department meetings to review projects and progress, to obtain broad input, and to coordinate shared work processes. If team members are not getting along, examine the work processes they mutually own. The problem is not usually the personalities of the team members. Its the fact that the team members often havent agreed on how they will deliver a product or a service or the steps required to get something done. Build fun and shared occasions into the o rganizations agenda. Hold pot luck unches; take the team to a sporting event. Sponsor dinners at a local restaurant. Go hiking or to an amusement park. Hold a monthly company meeting. Sponsor sports teams and encourage cheering team fans. Use ice breakers and teamwork exercises at meetings. I worked with an organization that held a weekly staff meeting. Participants took turns bringing a fun ice breaker to the meeting. These activities were limited to ten minutes, but they helped participants laugh together and get to know each other a small investment in a big time sense of team.

Space Exploration and Colonization Essay Example

Space Exploration and Colonization Essay Space Exploration and Colonization: Using Technology and Human Enhancements in our Race for Space Since the beginning of mans existence on this earth, the night time sky has held awe and wonder. The questions of what may exist have long been pondered and are chronicled throughout the written history of our species. Technology and science allowed early scientists to prove the sun as the center of the solar system as well as many planets besides earth orbiting that very sun. It later allowed them to witness the stars as distant suns, each potentially holding planets which may, even if by a miniscule chance, hold life. Dreams of man traveling into space and exploring the universe were simply that, pipe dreams without the technology to support them. However, technology has shown a way of catching up with our dream. Explorers had better ships and star navigation to discover the new world, the Wright Brothers learned the intricacies of powered flight and finally allowed man to leave the ground. In a very short amount of time, technically speaking, man has achieved the once impossible and not only traveled into space, but walked on the moon. There are many reasons man has to explore the universe; natural resources, our natural exploratory nature, or seeking new life, man will eventually develop the technology necessary to make this a reality. Though moon walks and subsequent space stations are great achievements, ones never to be forgotten, the success of space travel has also raised a great many questions and concerns. These concerns raise disturbing questions as to whether man will ever achieve prolonged space exploration or colonization. The human body is a delicate machine which was built and designed through evolution to survive on the strict guidelines of this planet. We will write a custom essay sample on Space Exploration and Colonization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Space Exploration and Colonization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Space Exploration and Colonization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Things like atmosphere and gravity, along with our susceptibility to solar radiation will make it very difficult to achieve our goals. In addition, the propulsion technology now at our disposal is woefully inadequate to reasonably assume we could use it for prolonged exploration. Best estimates assume a space flight to Mars would be 7-9 months in duration one way, with a stopover period of 500 days or so in order to realign the planet for a return trip. Including the 7-9 month return trip, that would be approximately a 3 year trip. In this paper, I will discuss the problems this poses with the human body. Bone and muscle loss from lack of gravity during travel, our need for atmosphere and the effects of its absence on our body, radiation and the pitfalls that poses. These are all issues which must be addressed in order to make space exploration and colonization a reality. In addition to discussing the dangers, I will also propose possible solutions given to us by some of the greatest minds and thinkers. These ideas may not all be conventional, but after all, humanity has been doing the unconventional our whole existence. The human body requires a delicate balance of environmental effects in order to not only thrive, but to survive. Without these conditions met, the body will break down internally and life will cease. The Earths atmosphere is where we experience our first problem in regards to humans in space and potentially on other planets, both within and outside our solar system. The Earths atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0. 5% water vapor, along with small amounts of other various trace gases. Though the levels of these gases will vary depending on variables such as temperature, altitude and humidity, humans have evolved over the millennia to rely on this particular mixture (Lujan White, http://www. sbri. org/HumanPhysSpace/index. html). Every breath you take draws this mixture of â€Å"air† into our lungs, saturating our blood with oxygen which is then carried to the different parts of our bodies and fueling our existence. As we exhale, carbon dioxide is expelled, completing the act of breathing. This mixture of gases is essential to human survival (Lujan White, http://www. nsbr i. org/HumanPhysSpace/index. html). In addition to the correct mixture of gases in our atmosphere, the pressure of our atmosphere is also vital to human survival. Atmospheric pressure measures the force exerted by gas molecules in the air with any surface in which they come in contact (Lujan White, http://www. nsbri. org/HumanPhysSpace/index. html). This atmospheric pressure pushes the air into your lungs while the lungs exert pressure pushing the waste carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. This pressure is necessary to humans breathing, as the correct pressure allows us to breathe without effort when not exerting our bodies. Heavy or thin atmospheric pressure makes it difficult to breath, and if it becomes too much of one, the human body will not be able to function properly. This is why density of molecules is also important to human survival. Density refers to the number of molecules in relation to a given volume, while kinetic energy (speed at which molecules move) greatly influence pressure. A larger density of molecules means heavier pressure, something the human body is not accustomed to. However, a greater number of molecules also means that there are more collisions, which produces greater speeds resulting in more collisions. The faster the molecules move and interact, the greater the temperature that is produced. Pressure relating to breathing is a major concern when considering space exploration and colonization. A concern also worth mention when dealing with pressure and density is the heat, or lack of, generated from the collisions that occur. The human body runs optimally at a temperature of approximately 98. 6 degrees Fahrenheit. Any temperature too high above or far below this could result in the death of the human body. Most humans realize that air and atmosphere are essential for human’s survival, regardless of whether they know the exact reason why. The reason this is problematic when dealing with space travel and exploration comes from space itself. Space is considered a vacuum, which means any molecules that may be present are available in such small numbers that it is considered to have no atmosphere. We can create vacuums on earth in chambers designed to reduce atmosphere and pressure, but no laboratory on earth can create a vacuum as complete as that found in space (Lujan White, http://www. nsbri. org/HumanPhysSpace/index. html). Creating these vacuums on earth allow us to test theory and methods for combating the effects, particularly when testing new equipment or technology. However, to get a true gauge of whether technology and equipment is truly effective, space tests are still the best option. This means potentially putting humans in harm’s way in order to achieve accurate results. With these questions in mind, what are the options available to make space travel and exploration possible? Suits and vessels capable of sustaining the correct atmosphere and pressure have been in use for better than 70 years capable of allowing living beings to cope with the stresses involved with space. However, these technologies are not yet nearly advanced enough to consider prolonged exploration in terms of years or even decades. In order to allow humans to reach the deeper spaces, greater knowledge and technology will be necessary to allow for adaptation while en route to a destination. Oxygen and other essential gasses must be carried into space for use in breathing, not to mention renewable power sources, food sources and raw resources to allow for upgrading and repairing crafts. The technology present, though more advanced than ever seen by humans, needs to be better if thats what will be relied upon. Another option, though in its infancy in terms of testing and usability, would be that of genetic modification. The ability to alter human physiology could be essential to coping with stresses involved in space travel and planetary colonization. Allowing humans to thrive in various atmospheres, pressure ranges and heat or cold tolerance would allow us to not only possibly use current technology more effectively, but eventually possibly not need it at all. As it stands, the suits used to perform space walks and walking on the moon are heavy, cumbersome and not terribly efficient for precise and prolonged work. Genetic modification may allow us to create thinner suits which are not only more maneuverable, but better equipped to effectively work and explore. It may allow humans to carry less air if they are modified to survive and function with different combinations or amounts. There are creatures on this earth which function in both very thin atmospheres, as well as deep sea creatures surviving with little to no oxygen in extreme heat and heavy pressure. Its not unreasonable to think that these traits could eventually be used to alter human anatomy in such a way to make them more tolerant to extremes that would kill a normal person. Of course, this raises ethical and moral questions about whether or not these humans would be considered human after such changes. In addition to these questions, a human endowed with these traits may never be able to set foot on Earth again without the aid of suits allowing them to survive in this environment. In addition to providing life sustaining properties, the Earths atmosphere also serves another vital purpose, and that is to filter out the Suns ultraviolet (non-ionizing) and the more harmful ionizing radiation present in space. Radiation is simply energy that spreads along its path. There are many forms of non-harmful radiation present which we use in everyday life. These may include things like visible light from a lamp for instance, or radio waves which are picked up by your stereo, and are called electromagnetic (EM) radiation. â€Å"Other EM radiations include microwaves, infrared and ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays (Lujan White, http://www. nsbri. org/HumanPhysSpace/index. html). Ionizing radiation can refer to EM radiation, or energetic nuclear particles capable of producing charged atoms known as ions as they pass through matter, and is known as ionization. Ionization happens when the atoms in a cell are bombarded by radiation and an electron is either added or taken away, resulting in the atom being given a charge (Lujan White, http://www. nsbri. org/HumanPhysSpace/index. html). This can cause a host of problems in the human body, such as chromosomes being destroyed or mutating cells which have been linked to certain cancers. This kind of radiation is plentiful in space, and upon arriving at the Earths atmosphere, the majority is filtered out before reaching the surface. Galactic cosmic radiation and solar particle radiation are the two types of radiation found in space, and both are dangerous to humans. Galactic cosmic radiation comes from outside our solar system, while solar particle radiation originates from the sun and the solar flares produced. It is thought that relatively short-term space exploration, even to a planet as close as Mars would not be possible due to the massive amounts of harmful radiation. With current technology, prolonged exposure to the radiation present in space poses a lethal problem to astronauts. However, there are a few alternatives to present technology in development that may allow us to reach not only within our solar system, but beyond it as well. Current technology relies on shielding composed of aluminum shells to shield astronauts from the effects of space radiation. Though this is effective for a relatively short amount of time, it is not viable in terms of multi-year missions. One such technology being studied relies on electrostatic charges to defeat harmful particles before they reach inside a manned spacecraft. The team behind the development of this technology is considering setting up multiple spheres surrounding the spacecraft. The center sphere, attached to the crew quarters, would hold a positive charge. The two outer spheres would carry a negative charge. This combination, in theory, should be enough to repel high-energy protons and electrons which would normally penetrate the spacecraft. It is also necessary to develop better suits if we wish to battle the effects of space radiation. The suits used to walk in space or the moon are effective for a short time. If we were to visit or colonize a planet such as Mars, the lack of atmosphere or magnetic fields would mean the radiation would be present in much higher amounts than previously seen. In order to assure our future as a species that is able to explore and colonize planets in our solar system and beyond, the technology to protect our astronauts needs to improve immensely. Another problem which needs to be overcome if humans are to spend large amounts of time in space is solving the gravity dilemma. Humans, as well as every other structure and being, are held to the Earth by the force of gravity. Gravity is a result of the attraction between two masses toward each other. Due to the Earths large mass, and our relatively small mass coupled with our close proximity, we are drawn to the surface. The farther a person or object moves from the surface of the Earth, the pull of gravity lessens. Spacecraft orbiting the earth are still under the effects of Earths gravitational pull; though a spacecraft moving at high velocity with very little atmospheric friction can overcome the downward pull of gravity. To better understand how gravity affects an object, consider throwing a ball at ground level. Assuming it could be thrown fast enough, the speed moving forward could be greater than the pull of gravity allowing the ball to seemingly orbit the Earth at a very low level. Producing enough velocity would not be the only condition to consider while in the Earths atmosphere, but the friction of particles in the atmosphere also hinders that possibility. Space is a near vacuum, allowing an object in motion at speed to maintain that speed without the need for thrust. This creates what is commonly called zero gravity, though it is not true zero g. The amount of ravity while astronauts are in orbit in so small that only the most precise instruments can measure the gravity present. The human body has evolved in an environment consisting of a constant gravitational pull. Everything from our bone structure, muscle mass, circulatory system and organs operate ideally with the constant pull of Earths gravitational pull. There are many problems within the body that arise from prolonged exposur e to near zero gravity. Bone density loss, muscle atrophy and strength loss, as well as effects such as fluid shift when dealing with the cardiovascular system (http://library. thinkquest. rg/03oct/02144/text/travel/body. htm). Our skeletal structure is designed to resist the gravitational pull, allowing us to remain upright in a high gravity environment. Without our bones to support us on Earth, activities such as standing, walking and simply moving at all would not be possible. The muscles we use give us the strength to move our body when in the pull of Earths gravity. Such simple things as walking, lifting your arms or anything requiring the use of muscle is done while resisting the pull of gravity. Our cardiovascular system operates by pumping bodily fluids to the vital areas of the body. Gravity tends to make the fluids settle near the bottom of the human body. â€Å"Various gravity opposing mechanisms force the blood and fluids back up to vital organs on a daily basis. The circulation of these fluids still happens in zero gravity, though the negative effects can include such things as headaches, stuffy nose or puffy faces† (Lujan White, http://www. nsbri. org/HumanPhysSpace/index. html). When dealing with bone density loss, it is of vital importance to remember that the effects of zero gravity begin immediately upon entering space. The removal of gravitational stresses means that the human body averages a 3. % bone loss after only 10 days (Lujan White, http://www. nsbri. org/HumanPhysSpace/index. html). The Calcium and phosphorous are excreted in urine and human waste at a rapid rate. The loss of bone density can lead to a severe weakening of the skeletal structure, making it not only difficult for the body to support itself when it reenters the gravitation al pull of earth, but a greater likelihood for fractures and breaks. There are drugs being used today that could help in dealing with bone density loss. Many people are treated on a daily basis for osteoporosis, a condition which leads to the weakening of bones. Bisphosphonates are medications used to slow the breakdown of bones. These drugs have been shown to slow the rate at which bone breakdown occurs, and are used particularly in elderly patients suffering from osteoporosis. However, these drugs have shown promise in helping astronauts deal with the issue of bone loss while in space. It has still not been determined if the effects of these drugs would be effective over a journey of many years, but it is a start in the right direction in regards to space exploration. Another option lies in genetic engineering and altering the human body to better handle the stresses space travel places on bones. In humans, the breakdown of bones, whether from osteoporosis or other conditions, is a fault of the aging human body. If humans could be engineered to have a consistent bone density which would not break down, regardless of the environment they are in, this could solve the problem at hand. A journey of years with no bone density loss would allow us to reach and explore distant worlds without the problem of being potentially unfit to explore once we arrived. The other main drawback of zero gravity is the amount of muscle loss which occurs. While on Earth, every movement is done with gravity as a major resistance component. Taking away gravity means that any movement done requires such a small effort that the muscle is not worked adequately. This leads to major muscle loss and atrophy. In space, an object which may take many people to move can easily be moved by the slightest touch of one person. This lack of movement and the problems it causes may not be readily apparent while in space, but becomes very noticeable as gravity is reapplied to the body. The goal would be to maintain muscle mass while in zero gravity, allowing us the ability to maneuver and operate effectively after long space flights. This can be done today, though the effects are not nearly enough to keep the muscle at full effectiveness. Exercise done by using machines with resistance bands or cords would help keep the muscle in tone. However, considering the amount of strength our muscles gain on Earth by doing anything requiring movement, exercise may not be a feasible long term solution due to the amount that would need to be done. Another technology being discussed as a potential solution is the use of nanotechnology. The ability for nanotechnology to produce or repair damaged tissue using healthy tissue could be a viable application. Tissue engineering uses artificially stimulated cell development to produce new tissues based on healthy cells. Advances in tissue engineering could not only be used in muscle maintenance, but may lead to the repair of damaged organs. Advancing this technology could not only lead to a healthier human, but may also lead to life extension, which would also be important when discussing long term goals of space exploration. The last technology when dealing with pitfalls of zero gravity would be to produce a means of creating artificial gravity. Producing artificial gravity is a relatively simple procedure, and can be done today. Centrifuges are used all the time to produce the effects of gravity. As they spin at high rates, the contents within are pressed outward away from the rotational axis. This force simulates the feel and effects of gravity. The ability to rotate an entire spacecraft could be more difficult, both with cost and engineering. The stresses place upon the structure of a ship could potentially tear it apart if it were not strong enough (http://science. nasa. gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/30sept_spacemedicine/). The use of an ultra dense object may produce a gravitational field, not artificial but natural, that could be used to for space travel. Considering that natural gravity is based upon mass of an object, this material would need to be small enough to feasibly fit within a craft while being dense enough to produce a suitable gravitational pull. Scientists believe that there are materials present in the universe that could fit this mold. One question that arises from using a material dense enough to produce gravity would be our ability to sufficiently propel it during space travel with our current propulsion technology. The physical effects on human kind during space travel are varied and extremely important to overcome. In addition to the problems we now face, the implications of problems unknown to us are just as daunting. We realize that the human body, as it has evolved on Earth, is not designed to survive at length in space. Many more issues are coming to light that will need to be addressed as well. How will humanity manage the body as it ages during long space flights? Life extension through genetic modifications will help humans during exploration reach further into the universe. The effects of children born in space is also an unknown factor. Will being born in zero gravity have major effects on muscle, bone or brain development? The science of space exploration has solved a plethora of potential problems faced by humanity, while its ongoing research continues to bring new and potentially hazardous problems to light. The psychological effects of living in space, both short-term and long-term, are well documented. Spending months, or potentially years, in an area not much larger than a small house with other astronauts is taxing in itself. Adding the stresses of zero gravity, mission objectives and distance from home to the equation, the psychological welfare of astronauts is an area that will need to be addressed. Anxiety, depression and sleep deprivation are all common problems experienced by astronauts while in space. This can lead to loss of motivation and be extremely counter-productive to what humanity is hoping to achieve in terms of deep space exploration and colonization (Kanas 2008). One possible solution to this is to provide adequate areas for astronauts to have privacy from one another. Privacy at this point of space travel is considered a luxury and not a necessity. Though social creatures, I believe this will need to be changed for the success of exploration to be realized. Due to cost and engineering, it may not be plausible to simply make larger spacecraft. A possibility to combat this problem would be virtual reality or virtual worlds. The idea that an astronaut could â€Å"plug† themselves into a virtual world, allowing for leisurely activities not possible on the spacecraft may help combat many of these problems. There are many virtual worlds available for computer users today, and the ability to experience new activities and places within this world are staggering. Though most of these virtual worlds are done while using a computer and screen, the next step in the evolution of this technology is to make them truly virtual. We see these worlds visually on our screen at present, but have the ability to interact with both the environment and people within it as if we are in that world. The ability to see this world not from a screen, but rather within our own minds may help give the sense of privacy needed to maintain psychological health. It is not something that is reality at this point, but the future of computers and technology are wide open and developing at a rapid pace. Virtual reality may well be the key to helping maintain mental health for our future explorers delving into the depths of space. The technology of propulsion systems may not seem to deal directly with human enhancements, but it is definitely associated indirectly with it. The current limitations of the human life must allow us to consider finding faster and more efficient ways to travel around not only our own solar system, but possibly the universe. Gene alteration and human enhancements may find a way to lengthen the human life, but finding faster methods of traversing space will be necessary regardless of our lifespan. Spacecraft today use rocket engines which are essentially combustion by using a solid, liquid or gaseous fuel with an oxidizer in an internal combustion chamber. The hot gas produced escapes through a nozzle designed to focus the energy and produce thrust. The nozzle accelerates the mass and converts the thermal energy to kinetic energy. This form of propulsion is very effective for breaking the Earths gravitational pull, however it is not terribly cost effective and the amount of fuel needed to sustain a long-term space exploration would be very difficult to store. Though rocket engines are successful for use in launching spacecraft into orbit, the feasibility of using these methods over distance would not be sufficient. The best option is to find a method which uses much less fuel, or relies on a renewable source for travel. Ion thrusters are a propulsion system in development that holds future promise, though the amount of thrust produced pales in comparison to present rocket engine technology. Ion engines accelerate electrically charged atoms, or ions, through an electric field. This push of ions pushes the spacecraft in the opposite direction, therefore producing thrust. Ion engines provide less thrust than conventional chemical rocket engines, which means ion engines are not capable of breaking the pull of Earths gravity and obtaining orbit on their own. The difference between ion engines and chemical engines can be seen once in space. Where a rocket uses most of its fuel to break through the atmosphere of Earth, ion engines are capable of producing a steady thrust for years. This thrust gradually accelerates the spacecraft until they are moving faster than conventional rockets. The only drawback is the amount of power necessary to run these engines is massive. The electric power source needed to both ionize atoms and produce the voltage needed to accelerate those ions to high exhaust velocities is both massive in size and impossible to keep powered, at least on craft capable of carrying humans across the vast expanses of space. New technology is being developed on ion engines which will both increase thrust as well as decreasing energy needed to operate. Another source of propulsion being contemplated by scientists is that of propulsion without the use of internal combustion or reaction. Space may be devoid of atmosphere as we know it, though it is not empty. Gravitational fields, magnetic fields and solar wind and radiation are all abundant within our solar system. In order to capture these energies, large sail like structures are being developed to harness these phenomena. The only drawback is the size of the sail needed, which needs to be proportionately large as these fields are relatively diffuse (http://www. humansfuture. org/space_colonization_propulsive_systems. php. htm). This form of travel would require little to no combustion to function efficiently, though coupling sail technology with conventional propulsion could make it much more effective. A method of travel which is supported by many scientists is the Generation Ship method. The name is self explanatory in how this concept works. For this idea to gain acceptance, it would be necessary to produce a spacecraft large enough to carry hundreds of people through deep space, hold enough fuel for the journey and be capable of producing a self sustaining environment. For Generation Ships, speed is not the necessary component for propulsion to achieve success, so concepts such as ion or solar sails could be plausible (Harland 2008). Of greater importance would be to assure that the subsequent generations of children born on the craft are healthy and capable of continuing the journey. This could best be achieved by gene manipulation or modification. Insuring that the generations born aboard the ship are physically and mentally superior, as well as ensuring each function of the ship could be covered in every generation. Producing offspring in this instance strong in sciences, math and physics would be extremely beneficial. Assuming that future science will hold the key to enhance the human brain well beyond current capabilities, Generation Ships are a very real possibility to spread humanity throughout the galaxy and colonize distant worlds. For the majority of our purposes, humans still use methods which were in essence developed thousands of years ago. China had developed fireworks, which in effect use solid fuel in a combustion chamber to produce thrust out of a single nozzle like end. The technology and fuels used today are much more advanced, though the principle is essentially the same. When looking at propulsion methods, it may be better to consider pairing technologies rather than relying on developing single modes of transport. By themselves, each form has positives and negatives which need to be considered. However, coupling combustion with ion, for example, would produce the ability to reach high velocity quickly while sustaining those speeds would require relatively small amounts of fuel provided by ion technology. In conclusion, it is easy to recognize the problems humanity faces with prolonged space exploration. There are a great number of physical, psychological and time related hurdles which will need to be addressed in order to make this a reality. The human body has evolved to survive within a very strict set of conditions. The Earths atmosphere and gravitational pull have shaped and molded our bodies over thousands of years. The first attempts at space travel have relied solely on technology to overcome the barriers of survival in space conditions. Spacecraft shielding, suits and atmosphere producing technology allow us to survive over short periods of time. If humanity is to delve into the outer reaches of our solar system, more must be done. Genetic enhancements and modifications are the most likely way to accomplish this. Finding ways to alter a person internally, in a way to evolve them through science, will be necessary to achieve true exploration. Stronger bones, more resilient muscle mass, organisms capable of repairing and building tissues; these are all things in development, whether through alteration or medical research, which are on the horizon. As technology continues to evolve and develop, new ideas will continue to develop. The space program, though having achieved great achievements to this point, is still in essence in its infancy. Technology has developed at such a rapid rate that the possibilities are endless. For thousands of years, man has dreamed of reaching the stars. The past one hundred years, man finally touched the edge of space. The future, man will not only reach into space, but spread our history to the heavens. We have only just begun to realize what is on the horizon, and with the ingenuity and drive humanity has shown, the possibilities are endless.

The Road to PPB The Stages of Budgetary Reform

The Road to PPB The Stages of Budgetary Reform In his article â€Å"The Road to PPB: The Stages of Budgetary Reform† (1966), Allen Schick focuses on the aspects of the effective budgetary reform which could provide the significant positive changes in relation to national budgeting and the role of government in the process.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Road to PPB: The Stages of Budgetary Reform specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, instead of discussing the innovative approaches to budgeting, Schick pays attention to the previous strategies used to reform the budgeting system in the country. The author states that earlier the government used rather developed approaches to budgeting with references to effective planning and management of the changes in the system. Schick’s work contributes to the filed of public administration with references to discussing the budgetary reform as one of the major government’s functions an d presenting the procedure as the influential reform related to the public sector (Shafritz Hyde, 2011, p. 217-232). The aspects of the American federalism are discussed in the work â€Å"The American System† written by Morton Grodzins in 1966. Grodzins states that the government could perform more effectively in the situation of sharing the government’s functions within all the government’s levels and departments. This specific approach to regulating the American federal system could contribute to responding to the national and local interests as well as to creating the concept of New Federalism which is shared today in relation to public administration. The work by Grodzins is significant to conclude about the current involvement of the government in public administration in comparison with the previous periods (Shafritz Hyde, 2011, p. 233-237). Today, the progress of public administration principles is closely connected with the development of new forms of organizations relying on modern government, cooperation between companies, and avoidance of bureaucratic methods (Cox, Buck, Morgan, 2010, p. 157). The prediction of these processes is provided in the work â€Å"Organizations of the Future† (1967) by Warren Bennis.Advertising Looking for critical writing on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author concentrates on the processes which led to the decline of bureaucratic methods in regulating the work of organizations and tries to determine the principles according to which organizations could develop in the future. Bennis pays attention to the usage of innovative technologies, focus on changes and reformation and changes in the management of companies which are expected to become larger and more complex in their organization. Furthermore, the author states that the organizations of the future are more flexible in their structures and fun ctions because of depending on integration, collaboration, and partnership (Shafritz Hyde, 2011, p. 238-249). The contribution of the article written by Bennis in 1967 to the modern study of public administration is significant because of predicting the factors which are important today for the progress of organizations and their relations with public administration. Yehezkel Dror published the article â€Å"Policy Analysts: A New Professional Role in Government Service† in 1967, but it is still useful to discuss the role of policy analysis in the filed of public administration because the author was the first researcher who focused on the importance of combing the approaches typical for economics and methods of quantitative analysis in the context of public administration development. In his article, Dror focuses on the policy analysis of public administration’s decisions and strategies as the effective tool to improve the field of public administration and other ser vices provided by the government (Shafritz Hyde, 2011, p. 250-257). As a result, today the policy analysis discussed by the author is the procedure studied and followed in the field of public administration. References Cox, R., Buck, S., Morgan, B. (2010). Public administration in theory and practice. USA: Pearson.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Road to PPB: The Stages of Budgetary Reform specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shafritz, J., Hyde, A. (2011). Classics of public administration. USA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

Abolition of Capital Punishment in Canada

Abolition of Capital Punishment in Canada The removal of capital punishment from the Canadian Criminal Code in 1976 has not led to an increase in the murder rate in Canada. In fact, Statistics Canada reports that the murder rate has generally been declining since the mid-1970s. In 2009, the national murder rate in Canada was 1.81 homicides per 100,000 population, compared to the mid-1970s when it was around 3.0. The total number of murders in Canada in 2009 was 610, one fewer than in 2008. Murder rates in Canada are generally about a third of those in the United States. Canadian Sentences for Murder While proponents of the death penalty may cite capital punishment as a deterrent to murder, that has not been the case in Canada. Sentences currently in use in Canada for murder are: First-degree murder - a life sentence with no possibility of parole for 25 yearsSecond-degree murder - a life sentence with no possibility of parole for at least ten yearsManslaughter - a life sentence with parole eligibility after seven years Wrongful Convictions A strong argument used against capital punishment is the possibility of mistakes. Wrongful convictions in Canada have had a high profile, including David Milgaard - sentenced to life imprisonment for the 1969 murder of Gail Miller, a Saskatoon nursing aide. Milgaard spent 22 years in prison, The Supreme Court set aside Milgaards conviction in 1992, and he was cleared by DNA evidence in 1997. The Saskatchewan government awarded Milgaard $10 million for his wrongful conviction.Donald Marshall Jr. - convicted of the 1971 stabbing murder of Sandy Seale in Sydney, Nova Scotia. Marshall was acquitted in 1983 after spending 11 years in prison.Guy Paul Morin - sentenced to life imprisonment in 1992 for the first-degree murder of nine-year-old neighbor Christine Jessop, Morin was exonerated in 1996 by DNA testing. Morin and his parents received a $1.25 million settlement.Thomas Sophonow - tried three times and convicted twice of the 1981 murder of donut shop waitress Barbara Stoppel in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Both convictions were overturned on appeal, and the Supreme Court of Canada prevented the fourth trial of Sophonow. DNA evidence clear ed Sophonow in 2000, and he was awarded $2.6 million in compensation. Clayton Johnson - convicted in 1993 of the first-degree murder of his wife. In 2002, the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal overturned the conviction and ordered a new trial. The Crown said it had no new evidence and Johnson was set free.

Comparative Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparative Culture - Essay Example As Corrigan et al. (2003) suggest, one of the founding principles of this Constitution is that there will be no official state religion. The first amendment to the Constitution clearly states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof . . . ". Thus there is no official "American" religion, nor can the practice of any religion be banned. While more than 80% of the American population profess to be Christian, there are literally hundreds of religions practices freely in America (Corrigan, 2003). While many Americans accept religious belief as a guiding precept within their lives there is, in general, a great deal of tolerance regarding the practice of opposing beliefs. America was in part founded and populated by successive groups of people who were escaping religious persecution in their home countries, and thus tolerance is ingrained within even the most devout believers of one faith or another (Shea, 2003). In contrast, more than 95% of Iraqis are Muslim. This figure alone might suggest that religion could be used as a unifying force within a country that appears on the surface to be hopelessly fragmented. Unfortunately this is not the case. Iraq is divided between three different religious blocs: the Sunni, the Shia and the Kurds. For many years the mutual antipathy between these three groups was kept essentially frozen by the dictatorial, brutal regime of Sadaam Hussein. This situation has changed with the American invasion of Iraq and the subsequent fragmentation of the country into rival factions, often based upon religion. Thus many Iraqis feel more allegiance to their religious group than they do to the country of Iraq. They feel Sunni, Shia or Kurd in a deeper way than they identify themselves as Iraqi. The Sunni were in the minority, but were privileged with this Hussein regime as he was a Sunni. The Sunni now find themselves virtually powerless (Algar, 2004). The Shia enjoy a majority position as far as numbers and have a number of charismatic religious leaders, but they are torn by internal strife. Thus many Iraqis essentially want a secular society based upon some version of Western democracy, while the more theocratic elements in all three of the major groups would like to see a theocracy built up. In many ways religion in Iraq is presently being used, both intentionally and unintentionally, as a catalyst for violence. Al Quaida deliberately uses its supposed fight for Muslim values against the West as a potent recruiting tool for new fighters. Both Sunni and Shia forces have killed one another in the name of defending their own particular brand of Islam. The Kurds seek independence at least partially based upon religious difference. To conclude, religion is an important aspect of life in both America and Iraq. But because the one is a stable, powerful country and the other one a region essentially on the brink of civil war, the comparison ends there. __________________________________________ Works Cited Algar, Hamid. Religion and Politics in Iraq: Shiite Clerics Between Quietism and Resiustance. Pustaka, New York: 2004. Corrigan, John. Hudson, Winthrop. Religion in America. Prentice-Hall, New

Self Analysis Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Self Analysis Leadership - Assignment Example Leadership has been also related to the ability of individuals to control the activities of employees (Rost, 1993, p.101); however, the above description of leadership is not successful since the control of activities of others is not necessarily part of the duties of a leader since it is a task that can be also delegated to an employee at lower levels of the organizational hierarchy. Through my discussions with friends and colleagues, I have come to the decision that leadership is a complex concept; this means that it is difficult to set the criteria that are of primary importance for evaluating the leadership skills of an individual. Under certain circumstances, an individual can be considered as an excellent leader even if he is not capable of communicating with others; for example, a leader that took the right decision in a critical case could be characterized as a good leader irrespective of his leadership skills in general. For me, effective leadership consists of two key eleme nts: the ability to handle crises and the ability to communicate. A Short Life History in Regard to Leadership I have been helping my father in our family business for many years. I had the chance to understand the challenges that a leader has to face. My father had to develop a wide range of tasks including the communication with customers and employees, the development of arrangement with suppliers and the suggestion of plans for securing the competitiveness of the business. In addition, there have been certain family values that have highly influenced my views on leadership: trust, support and cooperation. My father had helped me to understand that cooperation with others is quite important for achieving critical targets; reference is made not only to professional life but also to personal life in general. He had also explained me that cooperation and support should not be considered as weaknesses but rather as attitudes of a successful leader. My father used to say that a leader who has not managed to gain the trust of his followers should not be characterized as a successful leader. In my family, trust has been related not only to the truth but also to inspiration and support. My first experiences in leadership, as developed in the context of the family, have helped me to realize the characteristics of leadership and its power to influence the social and economic life worldwide. An Example of Leadership Attitudes In school I had the chance to experience leadership, even for a short period of time. In the third year of college, I was proposed the position of the leader for an important event – the college’s annual manifestations for the New Year. The duration of the manifestations were 3 days, from the 30th of December to the 1st of January and included a series of events such as a music event, an exhibition with the paintings of the college’s students and a speech of the college’s principal to the students and the staff. During these 3 days my leadership skills were highly tested – for about two months: since the beginning of November, I had to communicate on a continuous basis with students and staff so that the whole project is carefully planned. I had also to check the availability of resources required and ensuring that costs are kept as low as possible. At the same time, I had to cooperate with colleagues so that tasks are appropriately assigned and monitored. Controlling the

Characterization of Lady Macbeth :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many have tried to define the character of Lady Macbeth, perhaps the most memorable character of Shakespeare’s legendary tale of murderous ambition, Macbeth. As the play opens and Lady Macbeth is introduced, her motives are not fully visible until her second appearance in Act II Scene 2. As her motivation is realized, it seems very detestable. As the play unfolds, it seems that Lady Macbeth is actually quite insane. In this essay I will attempt to delve into the character of Lady Macbeth and attempt to shed some light on her actions and role in Macbeth’s climax, and downfall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Lady Macbeth first appears in Act I Scene V, she is reading a letter sent to her by Macbeth. When Lady Macbeth learns about the witches’ prophecy, she begins doubting that Macbeth has what is necessary to take advantage of this. This is best exemplified by theses lines â€Å"What thou art promised. Yet do I fear thy nature; / It is too full o’ th’ milk of human kindness† (Pg. 318, 15-16) in this passage she is suggesting that Macbeth is full of the natural human feelings of compassion and loyalty. She then takes the responsibility of Macbeth’s prophecy coming true. She claims that she will reprimand all that impedes Macbeth from the â€Å"golden round† or the crown. In another soliloquy she claims to give up her femininity in order to be better suited for the murderous deeds ahead. So Lady Macbeth has already begun a transformation into a person who is overcome by greed and desire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Her motivation is now clear, she desires that Macbeth become King, undoubtedly for the power, wealth, and social domination that would accompany this position. Whenever Macbeth began to falter, she began to question his manhood, in an effort to manipulate him, which caused him to put away any qualms and do the dirty deed. Towards Act III an IV Macbeth begins to take charge, but Lady Macbeth is still in the background, making sure that Macbeth’s position of King is secured.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion I feel that Lady Macbeth is by far the most compelling character in the play.

Alexander Hamilton and the founding of the Nation Essay

American history Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alexander Hamilton was a very controversial man of his age and he was a gifted statesman who was brought down by serious faults of arrogance, extreme candor and stubbornness. Hamilton’s career and life were marked by a dramatic rise to heroism, tragedy and scandal (Hamilton & Morris, 1957). However his contributions are still evident. As the Secretary of the Treasury in the turbulent early years of the state, Hamilton spearheaded the transformation of young nation into industrial powerhouse. American experience is a 2-hour documentary which features actor Brian F. O’ Byrne, Tony Award winning Broadway who is the most controversial founding father in America. American Experience brings to life most persuasive stories of the past which inform people’s understanding of the contemporary world. This film is more than just a history lesson due to its attention to Hamilton’s peccadilloes and psychology (Nelson, 2011).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamilton’s public life and also the policies that he advocated are granted plenty of attention since they are very interesting. The most fascinating thing is the comparison which is inevitable between then and today, and how conflict of ideas that started soon after the contemporary nation was instituted is still evident (Hogeland, 2007). Hamilton devoted his entire life on creating the United States to be a better nation. The documentary shows how united stated was able to develop quickly from the newborn nation under the watch of Hamilton becoming the one of the strongest economies around the world, making the Louisiana Purchase a reality, the size of the united states doubled, the building of railroads and canals, and establishment of heavy industry which helped in fueling the development of the largest cities in United states (Murray, 2007). The film also shows how Hamilton advocated for a central government that was strong and an economy based upon manufacturing –ideas and commerce which was deemed as radical by many individuals. He advocated for equality, opposed slavery and also led to birth of a two-party system in America (Hamilton & Frisch, 1985). References Nelson, S. (Director). (2011). American experience [Documentary]. united states: PBS Distribution. This film covered Hamilton’s short life, one that had more than its share of tragedy, heroism and scandal. It also shows the achievements and his contributions towards developing United States. Hamilton, A., & Morris, R. B. (1957). Alexander Hamilton and the founding of the Nation. New York: Dial Press. This book illustrates the short life lived by Alexander Hamilton and also how he founded United States. In this regard the book explains his many contributions and developments that transformed United States for the better. Hamilton, A., & Frisch, M. J. (1985). Selected writings and speeches of Alexander Hamilton. Washington: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. This book shows Hamilton’s speeches and writings. I t also shows the policies that he advocate including how he was fighting for equality and opposing slavery. Hogeland, William. â€Å"Inventing Alexander Hamilton†. Boston Review 32:6 (Nov/Dec 2007); 21-24 This article how Alexander Hamilton founded and developed America from being a weak nation to a strong nation. This article also depicts his life and many policies that he initiated to develop the United States. Murray, J. A. (2007). Alexander Hamilton America’s forgotten founder. New York: Algora Pub.. This book also shows Hamilton’s controversial life and also many policies that he advocated towards achieving equality for all and for a better United States. Source document

The Industrial Revolution-Gilded Age - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 830 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Industrial Revolution Essay Did you like this example? Historians argue that the 1890s was a transformative decade or watershed decade in American history. The Gilded age coined by Mark Twain, the idea that although things appear to be good on the surface, several problems existed underneath. Mark Twain was inferring that the United States in this period did not experience an era of prosperity and happiness, but rather an era of hardship and sadness. The Gilded Age was a period of intense industrialization, which focused on the development of America, as an industrial and business powered country. During The Gilded Age there were many scientific breakthroughs, social transformations and technological innovations. This era was composed of economic growth, especially in the North and West. The Gilded Age represented the rapid expansion of industrialization, expansion of the middle class, and mass production. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Industrial Revolution-Gilded Age" essay for you Create order These new advantages only benefited upper-middle class, businesses and white men. The unskilled, uneducated, and the poor did not benefit. These improvements reinforced the faith of ordinary people in the process. Many had faith in the system but due to the growing economy and imperfect economic status, there were two economic systems that emerged. The first is Laissez-Faire, which was developed by Adam Smith. Laissez-Faire was a belief that the government should have a hands-off approach to businesses. Laissez-Faire sought to demonstrate how the unrestricted pursuit of private gain by individuals must maximize the profit of all. This process is called the invisible hand, which lets people do as they choose. The market is not man-made or invented its the invisible hand, you want to buy it, I want to sell it. Therefore the government cannot intervene. It describes a system or point of view that opposes regulation or interference by the government in economic affairs beyond the minimum necessary to allow the free enterprise system to operate according to its own laws. In others words, individual as a moral and economic ideal. Which means that you were responsible for yourself and that everyone starts off on the same boat. Laissez-Faire was saying that individuals should compete freely in the marketplace where people and businesses exchange goods and services. This hands off policy by the government resulted in a weak democracy for workers. Ordinary working people did not have any power; business owners had all the power. Most people accepted that poverty and hardship were not things that the government could or should do anything about. Others believed that one competition was no doubt inequality; some would gain more than others (Week 3 Lecture Notes). This led to Social Darwinism. During the Gilded Age, large numbers of businessmen and middle-class Americans adopted the social outlook known as Social Darwinism. Social Darwinism was a misinterpretation of how natural selection and the theory of evolution worked, that was used to justify or explain a lot of the social inequalities in this time period. Social Darwinism was used to defend inequality. More or less the conflict between social groups which results in the most socially capable or fit group coming out on top as the winner, usually in influence and wealth. The thought that rich people would succeed and poor people would fail. Nature is entirely neutral; nature submits to him who most energetically and resolutely assails her. She grants her rewards to the fittest, therefore without to other considerations of any kind. (Sumner 35). The fittest are successful those who arent fit arent successful. To fix the inequality take from the rich and give to the poor this is called redistribution of wealth. Social Darwinism argues that youre poor because youre lazy and the penalty of being lazy is being poor. On that note, the government isnt responsible for you, taking peoples taxes is indeed keeping the un-fittest alive., In other words, dont take tax dollars and give it to people its not fair. The growing influence of Social Darwinism helped to popularize a negative definition of freedom as limited government and an unrestrained free market. It also helped persuade courts, in the name of liberty contract to overturn state laws regulating the behavior of corporations. Inferring that if the rich gives money to the poor, which they were willing to do, but if this happens theyll destroy liberty and economic freedom. (Week 3 Lecture Notes). The American Society was reflective of these long lasting changes. One major reflection was the working class. There were many problems associated with the working class. The working class was divided by race, religion, class and education. They lived terrible lives, nothing compared to the upper and second class. The upper-class lived a nearly perfect life. Most lived in a five-room house with a nice yard; a convenient place for children. Second-class lived with comparative comfort. Both upper and second class made enough money to support their families. However, in contrast to the working class, they were getting paid almost nothing. The wages that workers were getting paid could hardly support a family. Entire families went to work, including women. Housing presented the most serious problem.